So here's my attempt at such a list.
Disk DefragMyDefragDefragmenting tool with numerous options, useful for different types of disks (in terms of use - "system disk" or "data disk" and physically - a USB thumb drive or a usual internal hard drive). Not exactly for the Average Joe however.
DefragglerA simpler defragmenting tool that also allows defragmentation of individual files. Piriform has other useful programs besides this (which would be making an appearance later on).
Auslogics Disk DefragAnother alternate choice for disk defragmenting needs.
Disk CleanupCCleanerAnother program from Piriform, arguably the primary disk cleanup program of many.
Disk/File Management/Recovery/EncryptionRecuvaA file recovery program from Piriform.
Double KillerIs a "fast and easy to use application for finding and removing duplicate files."
Advanced RenamerRename multiple files quickly with this program.
True CryptA free open-source disk encryption software.
TeracopyCopying files made faster and easier through this application.
Space SnifferKnow which file occupies how much space where with this program.
TreeSize FreeScan directory sizes and spot space hogs quickly with this application.
System InformationCPU-ZUsually comes first to mind when thinking about such programs.
HWMonitorFrom the creators of CPU-Z, focusing more on temperatures, voltages and fan speeds.
GPU-ZForemost choice for information on your GPU(s).
Real TempA "temperature monitoring program designed for all Intel single Core, Dual Core, Quad Core and Core i7 processors."
Core TempA CPU temperature monitoring program alternative.
SpeccyA system information program from Piriform.
Blue Screen ViewView BSOD information in your system's dump files.
SpeedFanVersatile program which also allows fan control.
File Compression/Decompression7-ZipMy first choice for file compression/decompression.
WinRARCongraturation, you are WinRAR.
WinZIPAnd here's another one.
Media Players and CodecsWinampAudio and video player. I usually restrict its use to audio files however.
CCCPThe codecs pack that will choose you. In Soviet Russia, it is not you who choose the codecs, for the codecs choose you!
Media Player Classic - Home Cinema is included, the best media player out there today.
VLC media playerAn alternative...alternative media player.
Foobar2000Another one, also a popular choice.
Media Files Conversion, Creation and EditingSUPERA program with a comprehensive list of files to convert to and from.
HandBrakeIncluded here to add variety.
Virtual DJIt's free. That doesn't mean it's easy to use and quick to get the hang of it though.
Video Card UtilitiesAfterburnerNow the primary option for video card tweaking. And yes, it works even with non-MSI cards.
RivatunerThe program which forms the basis for Afterburner.
Internet BrowsersFirefoxChromeOperaSafariInternet Explorer 9IE9 is included as I'm under the assumption that you haven't updated IE yet and you have either Vista or 7.
Desktop CustomizationRainmeterCan be either easy to set-up or a nightmare to use, depending on the amount of time you have free. Does not measure the amount of rainfall in your area.
Rocket DockA dock for your shortcuts in your desktop.
RK LauncherAnother useful dock program.
Productivity SuitesOpenOfficeLibreOfficeCutePDF WriterCreate PDF files and make them cute.
Foxit ReaderAn alternative PDF reader.
Image EditorsGIMPA free alternative to Adobe's Photoshop.
Paint.NETAnother free image editor.
InkscapeAlternative vector graphics editor.
Image Resizer for WindowsExactly what it says in the title.
SecurityMicrosoft Security EssentialsAVG Free Anti-VirusAvast! Free AntivirusAvira Antivir PersonalMalwarebytes' Anti-MalwareSpybot Search & DestroyEmulation/Burning SoftwareDAEMON Tools LiteDisc emulation and burning tool.
Virtual CloneDriveA free virtual drive software.
ImgBurnA lightweight burning application.
CDBurnerXPAnother program for your burning desires.
NetworkingWiresharkA network protocol analyzer.
SpiceworksNetworking management and monitoring software.
Instant Messaging/Voice ChatSkypePidginDigsbyE-Mail ClientsThunderbirdA free, open source, cross-platform e-mail and news client.
MiscellaneousSoluto"Soluto Beta allows you to understand your boot, discover which applications are slowing it down (and keep running later in the background, affecting your ongoing experience), and allows you to significantly improve it. While Soluto Beta focuses on the boot, it already researches for frustrations and helps map the PC Genome, allowing you to share your wisdom with others." Yes, it's still in Beta.
Notepad++Tired with using Notepad? Use Notepad++ then.
JoomlaA free content management system for publishing content on the World Wide Web and intranets.
SeaMonkeyAn all-in-one internet application suite.
P67A-GD65 (B3), i7, GTX 570 (GT 630 temp. card), 8GB RAM, 1TB + 500GB, FSP 700W PSU