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A computer I built for a family member about 3-4 years ago suddenly had the integrated GPU in their i5 Haswell quit. Took a while to troubleshoot as I've hardly heard of the CPU still working, but only the GPU portion going dead. After a new motherboard and a out-of-the-parts-bin HD5xxx series GPU addition, everything seems to be working.

The preceding symptoms were video signal from the integrated GPU out cutting in and out over a couple of weeks. Then nothing.

How rare is it for the integrated GPU to die and the rest of the CPU to keep working?

TBH I have no idea how common it is. Did you definitely isolate it to the CPU? If not, it could've been a failed solder joint on the motherboard somewhere.

It's possible it's not actually the IGP but the motherboard. I've certainly had connectors fail at the solder joints. If the motherboard has an alternate display output (eg DVI instead of HDMI, or even VGA), did you try that?

Edit: Ninja'd by JBI

I ended up replacing the motherboard (with another model) and still no integrated video.

Are you using display port? I've heard that display port sometimes doesn't work with the balanced power profile and requires high performance.

I've never even heard of something like this before. CPU failures in general are very uncommon...honestly, if you've sufficiently isolated it to this you might want to contact Intel directly and see if they'd like to exchange it and do some failure analysis.