Yes they do, content management is no small pickle though, especially if you have thousands of untagged images.
Most of them allow you to tag IPTC / XMP info on import, which by itself is keys that you can sort and search by. As for which application is the best, I have no idea. I usually just sort mine in folders by chronology and a subject then use Adobe Lightroom for specific collections where I sort, judge and rate them. Before that I used Adobe Bridge that comes with Photoshop.
Although Extensis, ACDSee and Picasa are old boys on the block by todays standards...
Wikipedia had a list on a few of them though...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_organizerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison ... ge_viewers